Learn from first principles.
Notes and guides that rebuild each concept from how things actually work — with interactive simulators you can step through, not just read.
topics
Notes and guides, by topic.
Computer fundamentals
How a computer actually works — CPU, memory, binary, and the layers between the hardware and your code.
Browse topic → // fundamentals · webWeb fundamentals
How the web works under the hood — browsers, HTTP, DNS, and everything between typing a URL and seeing pixels.
Browse topic → // data · postgresqlDatabases
How data is stored, structured, and protected — just enough database to build real projects now.
Browse topic → // security · authSecurity
Who are you, and what may you do? Authentication, authorization, and safe habits — independent of any framework.
Browse topic → // language · python + djangoPython
Two shelves, one path — the fundamentals built by hand in pure Python, then Django, the framework made of exactly those pieces.
Browse topic → // ai · search + reasoningAI
The classic ideas underneath intelligent systems — search algorithms that explore possibilities, and rules that reason toward a goal — built by hand.
Browse topic →latest
Fresh from the lab.
- 2026-08-23 How AI search works: BFS, DFS, greedy, and A* are one loop // ai · search
- 2026-08-23 How expert systems work: reasoning backward from the question // ai · reasoning
- 2026-08-22 Just enough HTML and CSS: the document every server sends // web · html · css
- 2026-08-16 How HTTP works: the conversation behind every page // web · http
- 2026-08-16 How HTTP servers work: the loop behind every response // web · servers
- 2026-08-16 How browsers work: from URL to pixels // web · browsers
- 2026-08-16 How rendering works: server-side vs client-side // web · rendering
- 2026-08-17 How HTML forms work: from POST to CSRF // web · forms
- 2026-08-22 How deployment works: from your laptop to the internet // web · deployment
- 2026-08-16 PostgreSQL 101: a quick introduction // databases · postgresql
- 2026-08-16 How auth works: authentication vs authorization // security · auth
- 2026-08-20 From source code to running program: compilers, linkers, and the Python VM // fundamentals · compilers
- 2026-08-17 How regular expressions work: one pattern language for every tool // fundamentals · text
- 2026-08-22 How Git works: snapshots, not diffs // tools · git
- 2026-08-22 Your toolbox: the terminal, an editor, and Python // python · setup
- 2026-08-22 Python from zero: values, names, and the two containers // python · language
- 2026-08-16 Object-oriented Python: from loose dicts to classes that earn their keep // python · oop
- 2026-08-16 Server-side rendering in pure Python, part 1: from data to HTML // python · lab
- 2026-08-16 Server-side rendering in pure Python, part 2: rendering from PostgreSQL // python · lab
- 2026-08-17 How WSGI works: build a micro web framework in ~40 lines // python · wsgi
- 2026-08-17 How ORMs work: build a tiny one in ~50 lines // python · databases
- 2026-08-17 How Python packages work: pip, virtual environments, and uv // python · tooling
- 2026-08-17 How Django works: the framework you already built // django · overview